Fakta Dan Hal Hal Unik Dibalik Tradisi Sumpah Pocong Yang Melegenda Hingga Sekarang

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Sumpah pocong yang konon merupakan tradisi masyarakat pedesaan adalah sumpah yang dilakukan oleh seseorang dengan kondisi terbalut kain kafan layaknya orang yang telah meninggal. Sumpah ini tak jarang dipraktekkan dengan tata cara yang berbeda, misalnya pelaku sumpah tidak dipocongi tapi hanya dikerudungi kain kafan dengan posisi duduk.

Sumpah pocong biasanya dilakukan oleh pemeluk agama Islam dan dilengkapi dengan saksi dan dilakukan di rumah ibadah (mesjid). Di dalam hukum Islam sebenarnya tidak ada sumpah dengan mengenakan kain kafan seperti ini. Sumpah ini merupakan tradisi lokal yang masih kental menerapkan norma-norma adat. Sumpah ini dilakukan untuk membuktikan suatu tuduhan atau kasus yang sedikit atau bahkan tidak memiliki bukti sama sekali.

Di dalam sistem pengadilan Indonesia, sumpah ini dikenal sebagai sumpah mimbar dan merupakan salah satu pembuktian yang dijalankan oleh pengadilan dalam memeriksa perkara-perkara perdata, walaupun bentuk sumpah pocong sendiri tidak diatur dalam peraturan Hukum Perdata dan Hukum Acara Perdata. Sumpah mimbar lahir karena adanya perselisihan antara seseorang sebagai penggugat melawan orang lain sebagai tergugat, biasanya berupa perebutan harta warisan, hak-hak tanah, utang-piutang, dan sebagainya.

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Dalam suatu kasus perdata ada beberapa tingkatan bukti yang layak diajukan, pertama adalah bukti surat dan kedua bukti saksi. Ada kalanya kedua belah pihak sulit menyediakan bukti-bukti tersebut, misalnya soal warisan, turun-temurunnya harta, atau utang-piutang yang dilakukan antara almarhum orang tua kedua belah pihak beberapa puluh tahun yang lalu. Bila hal ini terjadi maka bukti ketiga yang diajukan adalah bukti persangkaan yaitu dengan meneliti rentetan kejadian di masa lalu. Bukti ini agak rawan dilakukan.

Bila ketiga macam bukti tersebut masih belum cukup bagi hakim untuk memutuskan suatu perkara maka dimintakan bukti keempat yaitu pengakuan. Mengingat letaknya yang paling akhir, sumpah pun menjadi alat satu-satunya untuk memutuskan sengketa tersebut. Jadi sumpah tersebut memberikan dampak langsung kepada pemutusan yang dilakukan hakim.

Sumpah ada dua macam yaitu Sumpah Suppletoir dan Sumpah Decisoir. Sumpah Supletoir atau sumpah tambahan dilakukan apabila sudah ada bukti permulaan tapi belum bisa meyakinkan kebenaran fakta, karenanya perlu ditambah sumpah.

Dalam keadaan tanpa bukti sama sekali, hakim akan memberikan sumpah decisoir atau sumpah pemutus yang sifatnya tuntas, menyelesaikan perkara. Dengan menggunakan alat sumpah decisoir, putusan hakim akan semata-mata tergantung kepada bunyi sumpah dan keberanian pengucap sumpah. Agar memperoleh kebenaran yang hakiki, karena keputusan berdasarkan semata-mata pada bunyi sumpah, maka sumpah itu dikaitkan dengan sumpah pocong .

Sumpah pocong dilakukan untuk memberikan dorongan psikologis pada pengucap sumpah untuk tidak berdusta.

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